Cluster-like headache secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Few cluster-like headaches have been described. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) presents with headaches in more than 90% of patients. We describe a male patient with new onset cluster-like headache secondary or related to IIH.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: report of five biopsy-confirmed cases from Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Primary (isolated) angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare cause of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and few leptomeningeal and brain biopsy (LBB)-confirmed cases have been reported from South America. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with diagnosis of cerebral angiitis admitted between March 1991 and July 2001 to a single university hospital in Medellin, Colombia. Patients with definitive diagnosis of PACNS by Alrawi et al.'s LBB criteria were selected. We excluded other causes of cerebral angiitis as well as cases without LBB confirmation. RESULTS: We report five patients, four men and one woman, with a mean age at onset of 24.4 years, and an average disease progression of 12.4 days. Four presented with headache and motor weakness, three had seizures, and two had alterations of consciousness. Cerebral MRI was abnormal in all five cases; brain CT in four, and cerebral angiography in two. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in two patients. Leptomeningeal and brain biopsies revealed mononuclear infiltration in the wall of small blood vessels in all. Three had concurrent meningeal and cerebral involvement, two had necrotizing angiitis, and one had vascular and encephalitic lesions. All received only steroid treatment; the 1-year follow-up revealed good prognosis without relapses. CONCLUSION: We report five biopsy-proven cases of PACNS from Colombia associated with neurological and neuroimaging abnormalities; these patients presented a mild inflammatory disease that was correlated with few CSF abnormalities and good response to single steroid treatment without relapses. Leptomeningeal and brain biopsy is mandatory for a definitive diagnosis.

Prevalencia de la esclerosis múltiple en Colombia / Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Colombia

Introducción. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la enfermedad desmielinizante más común del sistema nervioso. Se caracteriza por numerosas áreas desmielinizantes o placas de desmielinización que se encuentran dispersas en el sistema nervioso. Se ha demostrado que la EM es menos frecuente en las regiones tropicales que en aquellas localizadas en el subtrópico, En Latinoamérica, particularmente, existen algunos estudios que evidencian dicho fenómeno.Sin embargo, en Colombia no se han realizado estudios de prevalencia de EM. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la esclerosis múltiple en cinco provincias colombianas (Antioquia, Caldas, Santander, Risaralda y Bolívar). Pacientes y métodos. Se utilizó el método de captura-recaptura de dos fuentes para estimar el número de casos de EM definida según los criterios de Poser et al, durante el período comprendido entre julio de 1995 y junio de 2000. Resultados. La prevalencia (casos de EM por 100.000 habitantes) varió entre 1,48 en Antioquia (IC95 por ciento 1,12; 1,78) a 4,98 en Risaralda (IC95 por ciento 3,52; 6,43). El 72 por ciento de los individuos identificados eran mujeres. Las regiones incluidas en este estudio comprenden al 25 por ciento de la población de Colombia. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de EM estimada es baja y está de acuerdo a lo esperado para las áreas tropicales. Los individuos con EM de estas regiones pueden ser muy útiles para el estudio de otros factores involucrados en la etiología de la EM (genético). El método de captura- recaptura es una excelente herramienta para la realización de estudios de prevalencia porque consume poco tiempo y es muy barato (AU)

[Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Colombia]. / Prevalencia de la esclerosis múltiple en Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest demyelinating condition of the nervous system. It is characterized by numerous demyelinating areas or plaques of demyelination which are found dispersed throughout the nervous system. It has been shown that MS is less frequent in tropical regions than in subtropical regions. In Latin America particularly, there are some studies which show this phenomenon. However, in Colombia no studies of prevalence of MS have been done. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in five provinces of Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Santander, Risaralda and Bolivar). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The capture-recapture method was used for two sources to determine the number of cases defined on the criteria of Poser et al seen between July 1995 and June 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence (cases of MS per 100,000 inhabitants) varied between 1.48 in Antioquia (95% CI 1.12; 1.78) and 4.98 in Risaralda (95% CI 3.52; 6.43). Seventy two percent were women. The regions included in this study represented 25% of the population of Colombia. CONCLUSIONS: There is a low prevalence of MS which is as expected in tropical areas. Persons with MS in these regions may be very useful in the study of other factors involved in the aetiology of MS (genetic). The capture-recapture method is an excellent tool for carrying out prevalence studies since it is cheap and requires little time.